human microglia cell line hmc3  (Elabscience Biotechnology)

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: HIV Promoters Isolated from Brain and Peripheral Tissue of Virally Suppressed PWH Are Phylogenetically and Functionally Similar

doi: 10.3390/ijms27073185

Figure Lengend Snippet: Basal and Tat-activated transcriptional activity of brain- and peripheral-derived LTRs from virally suppressed PWH. ( A , B ) Basal and ( C , D ) Tat-activated transcriptional activity of HIV LTR isolates from frontal cortex brain (BR; blue), lymph node (LN; red), gastrointestinal tract (GI; red) or spleen (SPL; red) tissue in the microglial cell line HMC3s. Transcriptional activity of HIV LTRs isolated from multiple tissue compartments are shown in green. Basal promoter activity is expressed relative to wild-type (HXB2 LTR) activity. Tat-activated promoter activity is expressed as a fold change over basal activity. Wild-type LTR is shown in black; TAR mutated, Sp1-II mutated and NF-κB-II mutated controls are shown in gray. Error bars represent the mean with SEM across technical replicates. ANOVA Kruskal–Wallis with Dunn’s multiple comparison test was used to compare each individual participant’s LTR to wild-type activity. Brain and peripheral LTR activities were compared using a non-parametric Mann–Whitney U test. A p -value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant (ns: not significant, * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01).

Article Snippet: HIV LTRs were transfected into the microglial cell line HMC3s (American Type Culture Collection; CRL-3304).

Techniques: Activity Assay, Derivative Assay, Isolation, Comparison, MANN-WHITNEY

Journal: Molecular Neurobiology

Article Title: Comparative Analysis of Red Onion-Derived Exosome-Like Nanovesicles and Extract Reveals Sustained Immunomodulatory Effects in LPS/IFN-γ-Stimulated Microglia

doi: 10.1007/s12035-026-05820-0

Figure Lengend Snippet: RO-ELNs were internalized by HMC3 cells. A The internalization of CM-DiD labeled RO-ELNs at several time points (0, 3, 6, 24, 48, 72) h was observed by fluorescent microscopy. B A higher magnification image illustrating the uptake of RO-ELNs by HMC3 cells at 48 h. C Measurement of uptake efficiency of RO-ELNs by HMC3 for 3, 6, 24, 48, 72 h. Data are expressed as mean ± standard ( n = 2): ** P < 0.01; *** P < 0.001; **** P < 0.0001

Article Snippet: Human microglial cell line (HMC3) was purchased from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC, USA.

Techniques: Labeling, Microscopy

Journal: Molecular Neurobiology

Article Title: Comparative Analysis of Red Onion-Derived Exosome-Like Nanovesicles and Extract Reveals Sustained Immunomodulatory Effects in LPS/IFN-γ-Stimulated Microglia

doi: 10.1007/s12035-026-05820-0

Figure Lengend Snippet: Cytotoxicity effects of RO-ELNs and extracts on HMC3 cells and inhibition of LPS-induced HMC3 death. A , B HMC3 were supplemented with RO-ELNs and extracts with different concentrations (1 × 10 10 –1 × 10 7 particles/mL) extract (100–1250 µg/mL) for 24 h, and the cell viability was assessed. C The ability of RO-ELNs and extract to increase HMC3 cells’ viability when treated with ATP + LPS/IFN-γ at 4 and 48 h. Data are expressed as mean ± standard ( n = 3): * P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01; *** P < 0.001; **** P < 0.0001

Article Snippet: Human microglial cell line (HMC3) was purchased from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC, USA.

Techniques: Inhibition

Journal: Molecular Neurobiology

Article Title: Comparative Analysis of Red Onion-Derived Exosome-Like Nanovesicles and Extract Reveals Sustained Immunomodulatory Effects in LPS/IFN-γ-Stimulated Microglia

doi: 10.1007/s12035-026-05820-0

Figure Lengend Snippet: Assessment of different pre-incubation times of RO-ELNs vs. extract on inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation. A HMC3 were pretreated with 1 × 10 9 /mL of RO-ELNs for 6 h and B for 20 h as well as 125 µg/mL of extract for 6 h followed by ATP+LPS/IFN- \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\gamma$$\end{document} γ to activate NLRP3 inflammasome. C HMC3 were pretreated with 125 µg/mL of extract for (6, 16, 20) h followed by ATP+LPS/IFN- \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\gamma$$\end{document} γ . GAPDH was used as housekeeping protein. D The ability of RO-ELNs and extract to decrease IL-1β. Data are expressed as mean ± standard ( n = 2): * P < 0.05; *** P < 0.001; **** P < 0.0001

Article Snippet: Human microglial cell line (HMC3) was purchased from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC, USA.

Techniques: Incubation, Activation Assay

Journal: Molecular Neurobiology

Article Title: Comparative Analysis of Red Onion-Derived Exosome-Like Nanovesicles and Extract Reveals Sustained Immunomodulatory Effects in LPS/IFN-γ-Stimulated Microglia

doi: 10.1007/s12035-026-05820-0

Figure Lengend Snippet: Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of RO-ELNs and extract against ATP + LPS/IFN-γ stimulated pro-inflammatory mediators in HMC3 cells. RO-ELNs with a concentration of 1 × 10 9 particles/mL were pretreated for 20 or 6 h before acute or prolonged neuroinflammation models. Extract with a concentration of 125 µg/mL was incubated for only 6 h for both acute and prolonged neuroinflammation models. Western blot and quantitative analyses show the ability of RO-ELNs and extract in inhibiting P-NF-κB ( A , B ) and COX-2 ( C , D ) expression levels in HMC3 cells at different time points 4 and 48 h of neuroinflammation. GAPDH was used as a housekeeping protein. The antioxidative properties of RO-ELNs and extract ( E ) and their ability to decrease IL-6, TNF-α secretion levels ( F , G ) at 4 and 48 h of neuroinflammation. Data are expressed as mean ± standard ( n ≥ 3): * P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01; *** P < 0.001; **** P < 0.0001. As a result of the initial reversed loading sequence for COX-2, lanes were rearranged digitally to align with the experimental grouping presented in the paper. All lanes originated from the same membrane and exposure. A separation dash marks the realignment. Uncropped original membranes can be found in Supplementary Figure

Article Snippet: Human microglial cell line (HMC3) was purchased from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC, USA.

Techniques: Concentration Assay, Incubation, Western Blot, Expressing, Sequencing, Membrane